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Bankruptcy
A legal declaration of an individual's inability to meet their financial obligations to their creditors (those entities and persons to whom money is owed) is called a bankruptcy. The declaration must be approved by the court and the action results in a supervision of the individual's finances for a mandated period of time. The process falls under federal jurisdiction and is implemented by the Bankruptcy Code also known as Title 11.
Bankruptcy cases are filed in United States Bankruptcy Courts, adjunct bodies of the U.S. District Courts. (State law can also play a role in bankruptcy cases.) There are six types of bankruptcy proceedings: Chapter 7 covers liquidations, Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy, Chapter 11 financial rehabilitation of businesses, Chapter 12 payment plans for farmers and fishermen, Chapter 13 for those with a regular income, and Chapter 15 for ancillary and cross-border cases. The most common proceedings are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13.
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